For parents and caregivers, the journey to understanding autism is one of continuous learning and growth. One of the most common ways people have categorized autism is through the labels high functioning vs. low functioning, but these terms can be misleading and even harmful.
At A Gem of Joy, we recognize that every learner has unique strengths and challenges, which is why we emphasize individualized approaches like early intensive behavioral intervention rather than relying on outdated labels. To truly support learners, it’s important to move beyond autism functioning labels and embrace a more nuanced understanding of their abilities.
Are Autism Levels Outdated?
The autism spectrum encompasses a wide range of abilities and challenges. Traditionally, terms like high-functioning autism and low-functioning autism were used to describe a person’s capabilities based on surface-level observations. However, these labels do not accurately reflect the complexity of autism.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) replaced these labels with a three-level system:
- Level 1: Requires support (often equated with “high-functioning”)
- Level 2: Requires substantial support
- Level 3: Requires very substantial support (often equated with “low-functioning”)
Even with this system, functioning labels can be limiting because they fail to capture how an autistic person’s needs may change depending on the environment, stress levels, and available support.
Why Functioning Labels Are Harmful
Labeling someone as high functioning vs. low functioning can lead to misconceptions and misunderstandings about their abilities and challenges. Here’s why these labels can be problematic:
They Oversimplify Autism
Autism is not a fixed condition. A person who may seem “high functioning” in one setting may struggle significantly in another. Conversely, someone labeled as “low functioning” may have strengths that are overlooked.
They Can Limit Opportunities
People labeled as high functioning may not receive the support they need because their struggles are dismissed. Those labeled as low functioning might not be given opportunities to develop independence and self-advocacy skills.
They Focus on Deficits Rather Than Strengths
These labels prioritize challenges instead of recognizing strengths. A strengths-based approach allows people to grow in areas where they excel while receiving support for areas where they need assistance.
They Don’t Reflect Individual Needs
A person who communicates well but struggles with sensory overload may need just as much support as a person who is nonverbal but has strong problem-solving skills. Autism functioning labels fail to capture these nuances.
What to Use Instead of Functioning Labels
Rather than using high-functioning vs. low-functioning terminology, parents, educators, and professionals can adopt a more individualized approach to understanding autism.
Focus on Support Needs
Instead of asking whether a person is “high” or “low” functioning, ask:
- What type of support do they need in different environments?
- How do they communicate their needs?
- What strategies help them feel comfortable and successful?
Use Strength-Based Descriptions
Describe the learner in a way that highlights both their strengths and challenges. For example:
- “She is highly skilled at math and benefits from sensory breaks during the day.”
- “He communicates best using assistive technology and thrives with visual schedules.”
Adopt a Flexible Perspective
Understanding that autism is dynamic means recognizing that a person’s abilities and challenges can change over time. Taking a more flexible, individualized approach helps provide the right support at the right time.
Emphasize Personalized Interventions
Programs like early intensive behavioral intervention are designed to meet people where they are rather than categorizing them into limiting labels. Personalized support strategies empower learners to develop skills that enhance their quality of life.
Call A Gem of Joy Today for Autism Support
Rather than relying on autism functioning labels, it’s time to embrace a perspective that values individuality and the full range of strengths and challenges that each person experiences. We focus on providing meaningful, individualized support to each learner’s unique needs. Through approaches like early intensive behavioral intervention, we work with families to foster communication, independence, and positive development. Call today at 888.501.6641 or contact us online to learn more about our services and how we empower families with a deeper understanding of autism.